Table 1From “A vendor page supplied one tested source path for the 5x retention rule”
The chain, and what is actually found at each link
Each carrier of the attribution, against what a search of the record finds. The retrieval worked; the provenance did not.
Table 1The chain, and what is actually found at each link
| Step | What it says | What is actually there |
|---|---|---|
| The assistant | Bain & Company research by Frederick Reichheld established the 5–25x range | No such publication has been found |
| The page it cited | The same attribution, near-identical wording | A statistics page selling virtual-assistant staffing |
| Reichheld & Sasser, HBR 1990 | Named as the origin by one of the four systems, echoed as an attribution by a second | No cost ratio of any kind appears in it |
| The held publication trail | : | Hart, Heskett & Sasser (HBR 1990), where the figure appears as "five times more, most industry experts agree" and cites nobody. No Bain or Reichheld in the cited works |
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Source: The pair's own audit (Q1 cell) and the published record: Keiningham, Vavra, Aksoy & Wallard (2005), Reichheld & Sasser (1990) and the cited page, each checked at source 2026-07-28. The table is the essay's own adjudication; every row's verdict is in the claim ledger.

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A vendor page supplied one tested source path for the 5x retention rule
In three counted runs, an assistant named Bain and Frederick Reichheld. A search of the cited works found neither reporting the figure.
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Nineteen of thirty-six, and where the errors route
A vendor page supplied one tested source path for the 5x retention rule

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One hundred twenty-one citations, zero primary sources
A vendor page supplied one tested source path for the 5x retention rule

Figure 1Figure
Referring domains: working-paper URL against version of record
What peer review deleted, the web kept.
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