Table 26 Sept 2026From “What is external validity? A result needs a transfer boundary”

What is the difference between generalizability, transportability, and replication?

Table 2What is the difference between generalizability, transportability, and replication?

Decision	Source and target relationship	Evidence still needed	Honest result
Replication	Population, treatment, outcome, and context are intended to remain the same, with a new observation or sample	Repeat the source design and check whether the result recurs	The source result was reproduced or not reproduced
Transport	At least one target field is intentionally different	A bridge through target data, measured effect modifiers, designed variation, or a new target study	The target inference is supported, limited, or unresolved
Analogy	A product, market, or mechanism merely sounds similar	A matched comparison has not been supplied	A hypothesis or prior, not a transfer result

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Source: Table from this essay. Sources and interpretation are given in the article.

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What is external validity? A result needs a transfer boundary

External validity asks whether a result transfers across a named population, treatment, outcome, and context. Name the target before generalizing.

6 Sept 2026

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Isoglu, S. (2026). What is the difference between generalizability, transportability, and replication? [Table]. isoglu.com. https://isoglu.com/insights/exhibits/isoglu-2026-what-is-external-validity-fig02/

BibTeX

@misc{isoglu-2026-what-is-external-validity-fig02,
  author = {Isoglu, Sinan},
  title = {{What is the difference between generalizability, transportability, and replication?}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Table 2, isoglu.com},
  url = {https://isoglu.com/insights/exhibits/isoglu-2026-what-is-external-validity-fig02/},
  note = {From the essay {What is external validity? A result needs a transfer boundary}}
}

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  <figcaption>Table 2: What is the difference between generalizability, transportability, and replication?. Source: Table from this essay. Sources and interpretation are given in the article. <a href="https://isoglu.com/insights/exhibits/isoglu-2026-what-is-external-validity-fig02/">View exhibit</a>.</figcaption>
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