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Table Figure 1 From the research bench

The synthetic claim-to-evidence audit

A citation is ready only when the source sentence and the written proposition survive the same scope, relation, outcome, time, and qualifier test.

IDClaim sentenceEvidence sentenceRelationMissing or changed fieldPermitted wording
C-01The intervention increased activation for all customers.In the trial sample, activation was higher for eligible self-serve accounts.PartialPopulation and eligibility“Activation was higher in the eligible trial sample.”
C-02The workflow caused faster sales.Teams using the workflow completed the measured stage sooner in the observed comparison.PartialDesign and causal verb“The observed comparison was associated with shorter stage time.”
C-03The paper proves that the mechanism works.The authors propose the mechanism and report evidence consistent with it.PartialProof and alternative explanations“The findings are consistent with the proposed mechanism.”
C-04The effect was 20 percentage points.The estimate was 20 points with a wide interval that includes smaller effects.PartialUncertainty“The point estimate was 20 points; uncertainty remains material.”
C-05Citation distortion never changes decisions.The bounded network study describes amplification and invention of authority.ContradictsDirection“The study documents ways citation can amplify authority.”
C-06The source supports a claim about German enterprise buyers.The source studies a different population and setting.No evidencePopulation and context“No support for the German enterprise claim from this source.”

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Reference & Evidence

Source: Author's synthetic claim-to-evidence audit grounded in Greenberg (2009). Source and claim sentences are illustrative; relation labels, missing qualifiers, and permitted wording are author synthesis.

Each line is a claim from the register this journal publishes against, resolved from the register at build time.

  • A The stated outcome measures are "Citation bias, amplification, and invention, and their effects on determining authority", in a complete citation network about one biomedical belief. These are mechanisms that can create unfounded authority Greenberg (2009), abstract and discussion · GRN09-C1
  • A The evidence base is one network: "The network contained 242 papers and 675 citations addressing the belief". Within it, citation alone can convert a hypothesis into a statement presented as fact Greenberg (2009), abstract and discussion · GRN09-C3
  • B Claim entailment asks whether the evidence supports the proposition as written, including subject, population, setting, treatment or association, outcome, direction, magnitude, time, and qualifiers Author framework grounded in GRN09-C1 to GRN09-C3 · R04-OWN-C1
  • B A partial-entailment verdict should identify the missing population, condition, direction, magnitude, outcome, or time qualifier Author operating framework · R04-OWN-C4
  • B The six-row claim audit uses synthetic claim and evidence sentences and does not represent a published author's wording or an automated entailment score Author synthetic object · R04-OWN-C7
  • B Entailment review should preserve the source sentence, locator, claim sentence, relation, missing qualifier, and permitted wording Author framework · R04-OWN-C9

Grades: A, verified against the printed page of the primary source · B, primary source, text layer only · C, authoritative secondary · D, reported.

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