Figure 2From “The European failure number nobody quotes”
The deal governance audit
A four-question audit for supervisory boards and deal teams before signing: testing whether the deal sits in the value-creating or value-destroying half of the distribution.
Figure 2The deal governance audit
Source: Author's framework synthesizing empirical integration literature: Craninckx & Huyghebaert (2011), Homburg & Bucerius (2005), Shi et al. (2017), and Schmitz et al. (2020).

From the essay
Growth that compounds
The European failure number nobody quotes
Every European boardroom repeats that 70% to 90% of mergers fail. The peer-reviewed European record measures value destruction at roughly half.
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Figure 1Figure
European M&A failure rates by criterion
The European failure number nobody quotes

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The European failure number nobody quotes

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Commercial due diligence: testing loyalty ownership
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