Bias-Pfadkarte für Umfragen

Jede Zeile nennt eine Aussage zu dieser Abbildung, ihre Quelle und die Art ihrer Prüfung.

• B GUEST06-C1 The number is conditional on that study's design: "they found that saturation occurred within the first twelve interviews, although basic elements for metathemes were present as early as six interviews"Guest, Bunce & Johnson. (2006)
• B GUEST06-C2 The 12-interview result is conditional and not a universal rule, and the authors bound it themselves: saturation occurred within the first twelve interviews, "at least based on the codebook we devel"oped, in a study of relatively homogeneous respondentsGuest, Bunce & Johnson. (2006)
• B HENN17-C1 Two different closure questions, named: "Our study compared two approaches to assessing saturation: code saturation and meaning saturation", and "we found that code saturation was reached at nine interviews" while meaning saturation took longerHennink, Kaiser & Marconi. (2017)
• B HENN17-C2 Code saturation and meaning saturation answer different questions, and the paper reports different sample sizes for each: more interviews "were needed to reach meaning saturation where we developed a richly textured understanding of issues", and the authors present the finding as conditions rather than a number, since "We used our results to develop parameters that influence saturation"Hennink, Kaiser & Marconi. (2017)
• B HAG17-C1 In a four-site cross-cultural study, larger samples were needed for metathemes: the purpose was "to reach data saturation for metathemes in multisited and cross-cultural research", the analysis "Analysis of the data yielded 240 site-specific themes and nine cross-cultural metathemes", and the authors report larger sample sizes "ranging from 20 to 40 interviews"Hagaman & Wutich. (2017)
• B HAG17-C2 Homogeneity is what moves the number: "We found that 16 or fewer interviews were enough to identify common themes from sites with relatively homogeneous groups"Hagaman & Wutich. (2017)
• B MAL16-C1 Information power is defined by five items, verbatim: "information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality" of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategyMalterud, Siersma & Guassora. (2016)
• B MAL16-C2 Higher information power can support a smaller sample, but the concept is an appraisal and not a formula: "Information power indicates that the more information the sample holds, relevant" for the study, the lower the number of participants neededMalterud, Siersma & Guassora. (2016)
• B SCHOON17-C1 The design dimensions are the authors' own list: "We explain the seven major design dimensions: purpose, theoretical drive, timing (simultaneity and dependency), point of integration, typological versus interactive design approaches, planned versus emergent design, and design complexity"Schoonenboom & Johnson. (2017)
• B SCHOON17-C2 A supplemental strand still owes its own quality criteria, and the authors argue exactly that: "the idea of decreased rigor is in conflict with one key theme of the present article, namely that mixed methods designs should always meet the criterion of multiple validities legitimation"Schoonenboom & Johnson. (2017)
• B B10-C1 Survey bias is actionable only when the threatened decision, population boundary, measurement object, and interpretation step are named togetherAuthor framework grounded in the methods sources above
• B B10-C2 A sample-size rule cannot repair a frame, nonresponse, wording, construct, or interpretation problem that was never specifiedAuthor framework grounded in Guest, Hennink, Hagaman, Malterud, and Schoonenboom

Prüfgrade: A, gegen die gedruckte Seite der Primärquelle geprüft · B, Primärquelle, nur Textebene · C, belastbare Sekundärquelle · D, berichtet.

Diese Abbildung gehört zu einem Essay: Die Zahlen stehen hier, das Argument dort.